Corrosion assessment on reinforced concrete and its service life prediction

Deterioration of structural concrete may be caused either by chemical or physical effects. Corrosion of embedded steel is a major cause of deterioration of concrete structures at the present time. This lead to structural weakening due to loss of steel cross-section, surface staining, cracking or spalling and delamination of concrete and then gradually reduces the service life of the reinforced concrete structures. The most biggest problem is concerned with the structural integrity and safety of reinforced concrete structures by reducing the load carrying capacity. This project was to assess the degree of corrosion on reinforced concrete structure and estimating the residual service life. It was conducted based on electrochemical methods. These methods include galvanostatic pulse method and linear polarization method. A Non-Destructive Test techniques called GalvaPulse was used in this study. These equipments allow us to determine the degree of corrosion, rate of corrosion and interpret the result in corrosion mapping. From the results, assessment on the validation of corrosion in short and long terms by using predictive models are discussed

Comparative study on the effectiveness of building maintenance scheduling between two multipurpose hall buildings

Buildings maintenance is very important for the building and building occupants. Maintenance is a service to make sure the performance of the building in good condition throughout its design life. It is very much needed so we can have very good environment that can help us do our work peacefully. Occupants demand to have priority in terms of comfort of ability to use and utilise the facilities and services as it must be fit for purpose of the user. Work productivity of workers may be demotivated and interrupted due to poor building facilities conditions. In order to prevent that, we have to make sure the building maintenance scheduling are well prepared and followed. This study is about comparative study on the effectiveness of building maintenance scheduling between two multipurpose hall buildings. The objectives of the case study are to investigate the procedure of building maintenance scheduling for the buildings, compare the maintenance scheduling approach between the two multipurpose hall buildings and suggest the best method to practice in the development of building maintenance. This investigation will be carried out through field study and interview from both building. At the end of this study, the data for analysis from the interview have been gathered and it shows that both building are using the same maintenance approaches. Discussion has been explained to provide the comparison for the effectiveness of building maintenance scheduling for both building. Both buildings had made improvement in the building to overcome the building defects and increase the building performance. The buildings have been properly maintain in order to keep it well perform. Some recommendations have been suggested for the future used in having effective building maintenance scheduling. The results from this study are the effectiveness of building maintenance scheduling for both multipurpose buildings have been properly studied and investigated

Tourists' Perspectives on Condition of Heritage Buildings and Resiliency of the Heritage Tourism Industry in Melaka

Heritage buildings have been seen as an asset that needs to be maintained not only for the sake of history and culture but also as a legacy for future generations. In Melaka, heritage buildings have become a source of pride for the people of Malacca and also the main source of income for the state government through heritage tourism activities. It is important to ensure that these heritage buildings continue to recover and be free from damage so that the tourists who come have a good experience. This study is focused on the issues which were concerning the condition of heritage buildings in Malacca from the perspective of tourists. Heritage buildings around the tourist spot in Malacca were selected as locations for this study. The study adopted a questionnaire survey, that involved 211 local tourists as the respondents of the survey. The respondents were requested to gauge the conditions issue and the resiliency of heritage buildings using 5-points Likert scale. The collected data were analysed descriptively. The results found that the overall average condition issue mean value is high (M = 4.05) and can be interpreted as satisfactory. This indicates that the level of satisfaction with the condition received is high. Although most respondents expressed a good experience with the condition of the heritage buildings that they had visited, there is still room for improvements. The findings also show that all the agreement statements related to the resiliency of the heritage tourism industry in Melaka have an average score of 79%. As a result of the survey, it is important that the parties involved in heritage management follow the conservation standards, promote, and practice good integrity, especially in ensuring the originality and authenticity of materials used as well as good work procedures to ensure the future resiliency of the heritage tourism industry in Malacca

Observation of temporary accommodation for construction workers according to the code of practice for temporary construction site workers amenities and accommodation (ms2593:2015) in Johor, Malaysia

The Malaysian government is currently improving the quality of workers temporary accommodation by introducing MS2593:2015 (Code of Practice for Temporary Site Workers Amenities and Accommodation) in 2015. It is in line with the initiative in the Construction Industry Transformation Programme (2016-2020) to increase the quality and well-being of construction workers in Malaysia. Thus, to gauge the current practice of temporary accommodation on complying with the particular guideline, this paper has put forth the observation of such accommodation towards elements in Section 3 within MS2593:2015. A total of seventeen (17) temporary accommodation provided by Grade 6 and Grade 7 contractors in Johor were selected and assessed. The results disclosed that most of the temporary accommodation was not complying with the guideline, where only thirteen (13) out of fifty-eight (58) elements have recorded full compliance (100%), and the lowest compliance percentage (5.9%) are discovered in the Section 3.12 (Signage). In a nutshell, given the significant gap of compliance between current practices of temporary accommodation and MS2593:2015, a holistic initiative need to be in place for the guideline to be worthwhile

Deferred Maintenance of Public University Buildings in Malaysia: A Preliminary Study

Deferred maintenance has become a universal issues in most developing countries and adversely affects the administration of an organization. A building must be well maintained in order to provide optimal operation in service and it is vital because it affected the performance of the buildings. Public university buildings are a factor of production, they are producing the future leaders, managers, engineers and industry players. Hence, this study is intended to identify the issues and challenges and also causes and effects of deferred maintenance of public university buildings in Malaysia. In order to achieved that, a preliminary expert interview was conducted in this research is to identify rich information and to explore the topic comprehensively from participants and also to obtain initial information and understanding before further study is continued. Preliminary expert interviews are necessary to help the researcher to refine, rephrase and confirm the factors derived from the literature. An interviews were carried out amongst selected experienced personnel for expert opinion to identify the significant issues and challenges and also causes and effects of deferred maintenance of public university buildings in Malaysia. Seven respondents were selected from professional industrial and academician involved in building maintenance management. The study will reveal the issues and challenges and also causes and effects and provide useful information and better knowledge of the deferred maintenance

Deferred Maintenance of Public University Buildings in Malaysia: A Preliminary Study

Deferred maintenance has become a universal issues in most developing countries and adversely affects the administration of an organization. A building must be well maintained in order to provide optimal operation in service and it is vital because it affected the performance of the buildings. Public university buildings are a factor of production, they are producing the future leaders, managers, engineers and industry players. Hence, this study is intended to identify the issues and challenges and also causes and effects of deferred maintenance of public university buildings in Malaysia. In order to achieved that, a preliminary expert interview was conducted in this research is to identify rich information and to explore the topic comprehensively from participants and also to obtain initial information and understanding before further study is continued. Preliminary expert interviews are necessary to help the researcher to refine, rephrase and confirm the factors derived from the literature. An interviews were carried out amongst selected experienced personnel for expert opinion to identify the significant issues and challenges and also causes and effects of deferred maintenance of public university buildings in Malaysia. Seven respondents were selected from professional industrial and academician involved in building maintenance management. The study will reveal the issues and challenges and also causes and effects and provide useful information and better knowledge of the deferred maintenance

Criteria for Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Shop Houses Towards Sustainable Urban Development

Pre-war shop houses in some town areas of Malaysia are among national heritage buildings that require conservation efforts through adaptive reuse. Adaptive reuse, in line with sustainability principles, is a process of revitalising or reinventing disused or ineffective existing buildings (including old or historical buildings) for new use, purpose or function. This paper provides a discussion on the criteria of adaptive reuse potential (ARP) for existing and heritage buildings that can be applied for the old shop houses. The criteria are classified into six aspects: economic, environment, social, architecture, technology, and legislative. With the intention to contribute to the attempts of ensuring that pre-war shop houses can be conserved in a sustainable manner, a list of the criteria is used, and further studies are proposed to develop a decision-making methodology that will be useful for key parties: owners, the government and architects (conservation specialist leaders).  This will facilitate the determination for the adaptive reuse of potential buildings, as well as possible alternatives (new functions

Tourists' Perspectives on Condition of Heritage Buildings and Resiliency of the Heritage Tourism Industry in Melaka

Heritage buildings have been seen as an asset that needs to be maintained not only for the sake of history and culture but also as a legacy for future generations. In Melaka, heritage buildings have become a source of pride for the people of Malacca and also the main source of income for the state government through heritage tourism activities. It is important to ensure that these heritage buildings continue to recover and be free from damage so that the tourists who come have a good experience. This study is focused on the issues which were concerning the condition of heritage buildings in Malacca from the perspective of tourists. Heritage buildings around the tourist spot in Malacca were selected as locations for this study. The study adopted a questionnaire survey, that involved 211 local tourists as the respondents of the survey. The respondents were requested to gauge the conditions issue and the resiliency of heritage buildings using 5-points Likert scale. The collected data were analysed descriptively. The results found that the overall average condition issue mean value is high (M = 4.05) and can be interpreted as satisfactory. This indicates that the level of satisfaction with the condition received is high. Although most respondents expressed a good experience with the condition of the heritage buildings that they had visited, there is still room for improvements. The findings also show that all the agreement statements related to the resiliency of the heritage tourism industry in Melaka have an average score of 79%. As a result of the survey, it is important that the parties involved in heritage management follow the conservation standards, promote, and practice good integrity, especially in ensuring the originality and authenticity of materials used as well as good work procedures to ensure the future resiliency of the heritage tourism industry in Malacca

Mathematical modeling technique for diet planning problem: eczema patient

This paper illustrates the application of linear programming and integer programming to build the model of diet planning for eczema patient. It particularly studied the diet problem of designing diet plan of an adult who is in the age of early twenties. The diet problem specifics its constraints and objective functions. The planning adequate menus involves consideration of several types of constraints such as the desired nutritional content, the amount of food to be consumed and food allergens with the minimum expenditure. The mathematical models were developed which meet all the requirements and restrictions. This paper shows that the linear and integer programming approach which produce an optimal and feasible solution in order to solve the diet problem for eczema patients